Interventions by Population

Examples of Community & Culturally Specific Interventions

• UCLA Health's guide to provide equitable health care to all patients of all sexual orientations, genders, races, or religions: LGBTQ+ Health Initiative
• Improving Care of LGBTQ People of Color: Intersectional approach to patient-centered care for BIPOC LGBTQ people in health care settings.
• Patient-Centered Care for Transgender People: Recommended Practices for Health Care Settings: CDC resource addressing the stigma and discrimination that many transgender people experience in their day-to-day lives and that can affect their access to and experience of health care.
• AMA resource to guide physicians seeking to create and maintain an environment where all patients feel welcome, including recommended standards of practice and additional resources to assist making a clinical practice LGBTQ-friendly: Creating an LGBTQ-friendly practice
• A guide from the perspective of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities who are LGBTQ+: Our Lives, Our Choice, Our Rights!
• Designed for youth-supporting professionals — especially case managers — who provide direct care services to young people who experience the child welfare or justice systems, homelessness, or disconnection from school and work: Using Trauma-Responsive, LGBTQ+ Affirming Care to Connect Young People to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services
• A guide for health care professionals seeking to create affirming and inclusive environments for LGBTQ+ youth, addressing evidence-based, culturally responsive care and connecting LGBTQ+ youth to essential resources: Supporting & Affirming LGBTQ+ Youth

Examples of Policy & Structural Change

• Advancing equality for LGBTQ families
• Affirming LGBTQ Individuals and Communities
• GLMA: Health Professionals Advancing LGBTQ Equality
• Healthcare Equality Index 2022
• Intersex-Affirming Hospital Policies
• Providing Inclusive Care for LGBTQ Patients
• Resources for Adolescent Health

Recommended Readings

• LGBTQ+ Health Is an Essential Component of Public Health Equity Efforts
• Health and Access to Care and Coverage for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Individuals in the U.S.

Organizations Highlight

Examples of Community & Culturally Specific Interventions

• The Illinois Caucus for Adolescent Health (ICAH) created A Birth Justice Toolkit, a guide with accessible resources about pregnancy, labor, and postpartum support for young parents.
• With the recent explosion of mobile apps for different health needs, HIV researchers are developing mobile health interventions that bring evidence-based sexual health resources to people's phones: 12 Gender-Affirming Mobile Apps for Trans And Gender-Expansive Youth
• Youth-centered digital health interventions: a framework for planning, developing and implementing solutions with and for young people offers guidance on planning, developing, and implementing digital interventions to promote better health among adolescents and youth, including key steps at each stage and the unique aspects of designing such interventions with and for young people.
• Supports the training of HIV-positive peers who work to engage and retain people living with HIV in the health care system: Building Blocks to Peer Success: A Toolkit for Training HIV-Positive Peers
• Youth Peer Education Toolkit: Training of Trainers Manual supports peer education among youth and provides comprehensive, medically accurate information about HIV and STIs.
• Designed for youth-supporting professionals — especially case managers — who provide direct care services to young people who experience the child welfare or justice systems, homelessness, or disconnection from school and work: Using Trauma-Responsive, LGBTQ+ Affirming Care to Connect Young People to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services
• Advice on creating affirming and inclusive environments for LGBTQ+ youth, evidence-based culturally responsive care, connecting youth to essential resources, and ongoing professional development: Supporting & Affirming LGBTQ+ Youth

Examples of Policy & Structural Change

• Adolescent-Centered Environment Assessment Process
• Community Action Toolkit: A Guide to Advancing Sex Education in Your Community
• Improving Access to Youth-Friendly Services
• Trainings, technical assistance, policy support

Recommended Readings

• A Framework for Femtech: Guiding principles for developing digital reproductive health tools in the United States
• PrEP Chicago: A randomized controlled peer change-agent intervention to promote the adoption of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention among young Black men who have sex with men

Organizations Highlight

Examples of Community & Culturally Specific Interventions

• NFPRHA works on federal policy and with its membership on state policy to protect, expand access to, and improve policies related to Medicaid-funded family planning: NFPRHA's Medicaid resources, fact sheets, and reports
• NFPRHA supports efforts to update the Title X statute, regulations, and guidelines for the longer-term viability and effectiveness of the program and to modernize access to and the delivery of family planning and sexual health services for all.
• Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) provide free or low-cost health coverage to some low-income people, families and children, pregnant women, the elderly, and people with disabilities: Medicaid & CHIP coverage

Examples of Policy & Structural Change

• 340B Drug Pricing Program
• 5 ways to get help with prescription costs
• Mailing Prescription Medications to Patients
• Medicaid's Free Choice of Provider Protections
• Resources for the Uninsured
• Sliding fee discount schedules job aid

Recommended Readings

• Beyond the Numbers: Access to Reproductive Health Care for Low-Income Women in Five Communities
• Cost-Related Barriers Prevent Low-Income Women in the United States from Using Their Preferred Contraceptive Method, New Study Finds
• Exploring Primary Care Non-Attendance: A Study of Low-Income Patients

Organizations Highlight

Examples of Community & Culturally Specific Interventions

• Sexual Reproductive Health Education for Immigrant Women living in NYC: Community-based group health educational programs led by the Cultural Ambassadors Toward Community Health (CATCH) Program to provide a useful alternative for immigrant women reluctant to seek sexual and reproductive health care in clinical settings.

Examples of Policy & Structural Change

• Barriers to sexual and reproductive health services faced by immigrant women of reproductive age in the United States
• How the HEAL for Immigrant Families Act Could Foster Reproductive Health Equity and Justice
• Immigrants' Health Insurance: Federal Restrictions Are Harmful for Sexual and Reproductive Health
• Know Your Rights: Abortion Access for Immigrants

Recommended Readings

• "If I went to my mom with that information, I'm dead": sexual health knowledge barriers among immigrant and refugee Somali young adults in Ohio
• Immigrant Women's Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Coverage and Care in the United States
• Interventions to improve migrants' access to sexual and reproductive health services: a scoping review — migrants' access to sexual and reproductive health services is constrained by several individual, organizational, and structural barriers, and many interventions have been developed worldwide to address them.
• Migrant and Refugee Youth's Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights: A Scoping Review to Inform Policies and Programs
• Talking about sexual and reproductive health through interpreters: The experiences of health care professionals consulting refugee and migrant women

Organizations Highlight

Examples of Community & Culturally Specific Interventions

• Manhood 2.0 is a curriculum developed by Equimundo and the University of Pittsburgh to engage young men ages 15–24 in reflecting on the impacts of harmful gender norms, specifically those surrounding teen pregnancy prevention, dating violence and sexual assault, and the bullying of LGBTQ+ individuals.
• Michigan Health and Human Services created a section for men's sexual health called Birth Control for Men.
• A toolkit developed to highlight, encourage, and guide men and masculine folks on issues of male privilege, sexual violence, and consent: Black Masculinity (re)imagined — Masculinity, Male, Privilege & Consent

Examples of Policy & Structural Change

• Engaging Men in Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights, Including Family Planning
• Preventive Male Sexual and Reproductive Health Care - Recommendations for Clinical Practice

Recommended Readings

• HOLA Intervention for Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men
• Engaging Black men who have sex with men (MSM) in the South in identifying strategies to increase PrEP uptake
• Barriers to the participation of men in reproductive health care: a systematic review and meta-synthesis

Organizations Highlight

Examples of Community & Culturally Specific Interventions

• Domestic Violence Evaluation Screening/Assessment Tools provides various tools for risk assessment, substance abuse, mental health, and other tools that providers and staff can find useful for their practice.
• Family Home Visiting Intimate Partner Violence Screening & Referrals Toolkit
• Violence Against Women and HIV and Resources on the Intersection of Women, HIV and Violence provide information about PrEP, clinical studies, hotlines, and other tools to assist people experiencing IPV.
• Aims to provide domestic violence and HIV/AIDS service providers with information and resources to enhance services for people exposed to HIV/AIDS and domestic violence: Positively Safe: Addressing the Intersection of DV and HIV/AIDS Toolkit
• The National Domestic Violence Hotline has created awareness materials to provide resources for patients and providers.

Examples of Policy & Structural Change

• Futures Without Violence Policy and Advocacy Center
• Understanding Intimate Partner Violence as a Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Issue in the United States

Recommended Readings

• No Longer the Exception, but the Standard: Integrating Trauma-Informed Policy and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Implementation for Women
• Why post-Roe abortion restrictions worry domestic violence experts

Organizations Highlight

Examples of Community & Culturally Specific Interventions

• Disability & Reproductive Health: It's Time to Talk About It! — a collection of resources that support people with disabilities and their sexual and reproductive health.
• Disability Impacts All of Us provides multimedia resources about disability and health disparities.
• Sexual Health Equity for Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (SHEIDD) provides various sexual health resources, including teaching tools, community resources, and policy.
• Take Charge! A Reproductive Health Guide for Women with Disabilities
• Created for the use of women with disabilities, health care providers, and community organizations to gain knowledge on the steps women with disabilities can take to make important decisions about their health: In Their Own Words: Guidelines for Supporting the Sexual Health of Young People Experiencing Intellectual/Developmental Disabilities
• Our Lives, Our Choice, Our Rights! — a guidebook about understanding the lives and experiences of LGBTQ+ people with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Examples of Policy & Structural Change

• A Sexuality Policy That Truly Supports People with Disabilities
• Biden Administration Proposes Rule to Curb Disability Discrimination in Health Care
• Disability Rights and Sexual Health
• Including People with Disabilities in Reproductive Health Programs and Services: Fact Sheet
• Policy Recommendations to promote healthy social and emotional relationships for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities

Recommended Readings

• Feature Issue on Sexuality and People with Intellectual, Developmental and Other Disabilities

Organizations Highlight

Examples of Community & Culturally Specific Interventions

• Resources and Reference Materials for Community Health Worker Programs: a resource portfolio, categorized by health topic, created to support programs that serve Latinx communities — useful when considering community health worker programs or interventions, including Training for CHWs and Training for CHW Supervisors and Managers.
• Using Community Health Workers to Improve Linkage and Retention in Care: a project that sought to increase the utilization of community health workers to strengthen the health care workforce and improve health outcomes for racial and ethnic minority people with HIV.
• Community Health Worker technical assistance: NASHP provides resources and technical support to help states build on their community-based workforce and identify sustainable funding sources for CHWs.
• TRAPD Model with procedural steps on how to translate materials with community input.

Examples of Policy & Structural Change

• Interpreter & Translator webinars - Reproductive and sexual health in clinical settings

Recommended Readings

• Appropriate Use of Medical Interpreters

Organizations Highlight

Examples of Community & Culturally Specific Interventions

• An evidence-informed intervention, adapted for the Health Resources and Services Administration's Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program, that engages Black men who have sex with men with HIV into medical care through early orientation to the clinic, relationship building, and enhanced personal contact: Text Messaging Intervention to Improve Antiretroviral Adherence among HIV-Positive Youth (TXTXT)
• A resource developed by Target HIV to help providers assist HIV+ people transitioning from adolescent to adult health care settings: Transitioning HIV+ Youth from Adolescent to Adult Services
• HIV Disparity Interventions: a Target HIV resource that provides various interventions tested and implemented for underserved populations.
• HIV Self-Testing Programs (HIVST): a public health strategy that enables the CDC's funded community-based organizations and health departments to provide follow-up and linkage-to-treatment/prevention resources for people who self-test for HIV in their homes or another private location.
• TakeMeHome is a partnership between Building Healthy Online Communities, NASTAD, and Emory University that enables state and local health departments to offer free in-home sexual health tests to eligible community members.
• El Grupo de Apoyo Latino: the Latino Programs Individual Services convey HIV health and sexual risk-reduction practices to non-acculturated and monolingual Spanish speakers, regardless of immigration status, who have difficulty navigating systems of HIV care and prevention.
• Evidence-Informed Behavioral Health Models to Improve HIV Health Outcomes for Black Men who have Sex with Men Initiative
• Get Your Life: An HIV & STI Prevention Program by and for Black & Latino Young Men who Have Sex with Men (YMSM) is a seven-session group-based HIV prevention facilitation guide designed for Black and Latino young men who have sex with men ages 14–19.
• Prevention and Treatment of HIV Among People Living with Substance Use and/or Mental Disorders
• Faith-based organizations have a role in a comprehensive HIV prevention strategy because of their capacity for building awareness, mobilizing communities, and reducing HIV-related stigma: HIV and the Faith Community
• A collaboration between Black Health, Inc. and faith-based organizations: Outreach Enhancement: Faith-Based Organizations Program

Examples of Policy & Structural Change

• HIV Care Continuum
• National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS)
• Technical assistance for Ryan White HIV/AIDS program
• The Affordable Care Act and HIV/AIDS
• Awareness Campaigns

Recommended Readings

• PrEP Chicago: A randomized controlled peer change agent intervention to promote the adoption of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention among young Black men who have sex with men
• Vital Voices: HIV Prevention and Care Interventions Developed for Disproportionately Affected Communities by Historically Underrepresented, Early-Career Scientists

Organizations Highlight

Examples of Community & Culturally Specific Interventions

• Community Engagement: An Essential Component of an Effective and Equitable Substance Use Prevention System presents evidence related to leveraging community engagement to support the implementation and scale-up of evidence-based programs and policies.
• Implementing Substance Use Screening Toolkit: produced by the Reproductive Health National Training Center to support Title X grantees, subrecipients, and service sites in screening family planning patients for substance use.
• Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT): produced by SAMHSA, the federal agency that oversees substance use and mental health programs, this is a comprehensive, integrated, public health approach to the delivery of early intervention and treatment services for persons with substance use disorders, as well as those at risk of developing them.
• Pregnancy And Substance Use: A Harm Reduction Toolkit: intended for use by pregnant and parenting people who use drugs, their loved ones, and their service providers, with the goal of promoting the overall health and well-being of pregnant people who use substances and their families.

Examples of Policy & Structural Change

• SAMHSA Practitioner Training
• Syringe Services Programs

Recommended Readings

• Barriers to and facilitators of hormonal and long-acting reversible contraception access and use in the US among reproductive-aged women who use opioids
• Substance Use and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Youth

Organizations Highlight

Examples of Community & Culturally Specific Interventions

• The Sex Talk: A Muslim's Guide to Healthy Sex & Relationships is a self-guided reflection workbook for Muslims to break the ice around uncomfortable conversations and create safe, healthy relationships.
• Faith-based organizations have a role in a comprehensive HIV prevention strategy because of their capacity for building awareness, mobilizing communities, and reducing HIV-related stigma: HIV and the Faith Community
• A collaboration between Black Health, Inc. and faith-based organizations: Outreach Enhancement: Faith-Based Organizations Program

Examples of Policy & Structural Change

• Religious Landscape Study: Views about Abortion

Recommended Readings

• Working with Faith-Based Communities to Develop an Education Toolkit on Relationships, Sexuality, and Contraception
• Love with No Exceptions: A faith-based, university-community partnership for faith-based HIV training and assessment of needs in the Deep South
• Abortion, Justice, and Religion

Organizations Highlight

Examples of Community & Culturally Specific Interventions

• Community-based Approaches to Reducing Sexually Transmitted Diseases (CARS): using community engagement methods and partnerships to build local STD prevention and control capacity, CDC's CARS project supports the planning, implementation, and evaluation of innovative, interdisciplinary interventions.
• The NORC Walsh Center for Rural Health Analysis conducted formative research to enhance understanding of strengths and assets in rural places, identify key partners and change agents, and identify opportunities to leverage assets to improve rural health and equity: Exploring Strategies to Improve Health and Equity in Rural Communities
• In rural communities, health care and the overall vitality of the community are intrinsically linked — a robust community supports and sustains quality health and social services by attracting and retaining well-trained, committed health care professionals: Community Vitality and Rural Healthcare
• The first of a three-part series on nurse-led models of care making a difference in health outcomes for real people, families, and communities, introduced by Duke Nursing magazine: Duke's Nurse-Led Models of Health Care Transform Delivery and Reduce Health Inequities
• A lack of access to high-quality maternal health services in rural communities stems from hospital and obstetric department closures, workforce shortages, and social determinants of health, contributing to disparities in maternal health outcomes such as premature birth, low birth weight, maternal mortality, severe maternal morbidity, and postpartum depression: Improving Access to Maternal Health Care in Rural Communities

Examples of Policy & Structural Change

• Becoming a rural health clinic in Oregon
• National Policy and Advocacy
• Rural health clinic certification process
• Starting a rural health clinic

Recommended Readings

• Small, rural communities are becoming abortion access battlegrounds
• The Loss of Roe Could Hinder Contraceptive Access in Rural Communities

Organizations Highlight

Examples of Community & Culturally Specific Interventions

• Utopia Washington Street Outreach — UTOPIA Washington does monthly outreach to provide street-based sex workers with PPE supplies, safe sex supplies, home HIV testing kits, and self-defense kits.
• Contraceptive Services for Female Sex Workers: Training Module for Clinicians — designed to support clinicians in addressing the special needs and concerns of female sex workers seeking contraceptive services; can be used for training family planning providers or providers in family planning/HIV integrated settings.

Examples of Policy & Structural Change

• Decriminalize Sex Work
• Sex Worker Advocates Coalition

Recommended Readings

• Improving Awareness of and Screening for Health Risks Among Sex Workers
• Culturally Competent Health Care for Sex Workers: An Examination of Myths That Stigmatize Sex-Work and Hinder Access to Care

Organizations Highlight

Examples of Community & Culturally Specific Interventions

• Includes four case studies highlighting strategies for providing treatment and recovery support services to people experiencing both unsheltered and sheltered homelessness, along with considerations for evaluation and quality improvement: Expanding Access to and Use of Behavioral Health Services for People Experiencing Homelessness
• See also: Low Income or Uninsured

Examples of Policy & Structural Change

• Homelessness Federal Strategic Plan
• Housing Not Handcuffs
• Issue Brief: The Role of Housing in Ending the HIV Epidemic

Recommended Readings

• Homelessness, HIV, and Incomplete Viral Suppression
• Homelessness, housing instability, and abortion outcomes at an urban abortion clinic in the United States
• Desire for and barriers to obtaining effective contraception among women experiencing homelessness

Organizations Highlight